James McNeill Whistler (1834–1903) was an American-born artist, best known for his influential contributions to the Aesthetic Movement and his role in the development of modern art. Born in Lowell, Massachusetts, Whistler displayed early artistic talent and eventually moved to Europe to pursue his education.

Whistler's artistic journey led him to Paris, where he studied at the École Impériale et Spéciale de Dessin and later settled in London. He became associated with the Aesthetic Movement, which emphasized "art for art's sake" and the pursuit of beauty and harmony. His famous manifesto, "The Ten O'Clock Lecture," outlined his artistic philosophy and disdain for traditional academic approaches.

One of Whistler's most renowned works is the portrait "Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1," commonly known as "Whistler's Mother." This iconic painting exemplifies his mastery of colour, composition, and the use of subtle tonalities.

Whistler's innovative approach extended to his etchings and lithographs, where he explored atmospheric effects and unconventional viewpoints. His series of nocturnes, including scenes of the Thames River, exemplify his interest in capturing the essence of a scene rather than precise representation.

The artist's confrontations with critics, particularly the libel case against John Ruskin, became notorious. Whistler's retort, "I ask you to put my art before all things in your Academy," reflects his unwavering commitment to his artistic vision.

Despite facing financial challenges, Whistler's influence on the art world endured. He left a lasting impact on the development of modernism, inspiring artists like Édouard Manet and the Symbolists. James McNeill Whistler's legacy is celebrated for his dedication to artistic innovation, challenging conventions, and leaving an indelible mark on the art world.