Henri-Edmond Cross (1856–1910) was a French painter and a significant figure in the Neo-Impressionist movement. Born on May 20, 1856, in Douai, France, as Henri-Edmond-Joseph Delacroix, he later adopted the pseudonym "Cross" to avoid confusion with the renowned Romantic painter Eugène Delacroix.

Cross began his artistic studies in 1878 at the École des Beaux-Arts in Lille and later moved to Paris, where he became associated with avant-garde circles. His early works reflected the influence of Impressionism, but Cross's artistic trajectory took a decisive turn when he encountered the theories of Pointillism and Divisionism championed by Georges Seurat and Paul Signac.

Embracing these new ideas, Cross became a key proponent of Neo-Impressionism. He adopted the pointillist technique, applying small dots or strokes of pure colour to create a harmonious blend when viewed from a distance. This method aimed to achieve a more vibrant and luminous effect in paintings.

One of Cross's notable contributions was his role in co-founding the Société des Artistes Indépendants with Seurat and others in 1884. This society played a crucial role in promoting the work of independent artists, including those associated with Neo-Impressionism.

Cross's subjects ranged from landscapes and seascapes to scenes of daily life, each executed with a meticulous attention to color and light. His fascination with the Mediterranean coast, particularly the region of Saint-Clair near Saint-Tropez, inspired many of his iconic works.

Throughout his career, Cross maintained close friendships with fellow artists, including Signac and Maximilien Luce. His influence extended beyond the artistic realm, as he also wrote about art theory and contributed articles to various publications.

Henri-Edmond Cross's dedication to Neo-Impressionism and his innovative use of color left an indelible mark on the art world. His works are celebrated for their luminosity and technical precision, contributing to the broader legacy of the Neo-Impressionist movement. Cross passed away on May 16, 1910, in Saint-Clair, France, leaving behind a rich body of work that continues to captivate admirers of late 19th and early 20th-century art.